Makalah Bahasa Inggris

Table of Contents

Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………….i

I.     INTRODUCTION.. 1

II.   BACKGROUND.. 2

III.      SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE.. 3

I.1.      Nominal Sentence. 3

I.2.      Verb Sentence. 3

To Have. 5

To Be. 5

I.3.      Use of Simple Present Tense. 6

I.4.      Adverb Placement 12

IV.      Problem Solving. 13

V.   CONCLUSION.. 13

I.   INTRODUCTION

 

            English is a universal language use by all Countries all over the world and learn English will connect us to the world. Now, in free trade age, we have to improve our skill especially English, it will make us one of the competitive country in the world.  Indonesia with so many mother tongue languages make us difficult to learn this language not only that reason and also because English has different write, tenses, read and pronunciation with our language .  But that not be an excuse to make us not able to speak English. One of the point makes us difficult to learn English is the tenses, and we will research one of this tenses in my paper.

            Learn   English is learning about how to write, read, speak and pronounce English. In fact writing, reading and pronounce in English doesn’t same with Indonesian. Some of us confuse how to write English because it has a different spell. Example a is ei, b is bi, and etc. So when we learn English we have to memorize, memorize, memorize and memorize it. Why! Because, we are not always use this language in our daily life. So always practicing!!!!!

II.                     BACKGROUND

 

            English is important in business especially in hotel business because we will face guests from all over the world with their different languages in English. Work in hotel doesn’t makes us fluent in English, some of the staffs, don’t use tenses when they speak, they just combine word by word and even they don’t say it in polite way, example when the waiter offer a help to the guest, he says “you want to eat?”. And when the waiter repeat the order from the guest, he says “You beef steak, you chicken chops, you sate, you ayam penyet.!!!”

            Some of guests maybe will understand it, but guests not always understand it because sometimes they confuse what staff saying, guests think that the waiter just call him a beef steak, chicken chops, sate, ayam penyet and guest can be angry if that happen. So we need tenses, to avoid that things happens. In this paper I will try to presenting a simple present tense forms and Use English in proper way.

III.                SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

 

I.1.            Nominal Sentence

Form

Example:

  I am a university student.

  You are a director.

  She is a professor.

  Celine dion and Beyounce are popular singers.

I.2.            Verb Sentence

Form

Most verbs conjugate like verb “run” below. Notice how you add, ”s” to third-person forms. Third-person negative forms and third-person questions are made using, ”does.”

Positive	Negative	Question
I run. You run. We run. They run. He runs. She runs. It runs.	I do not run. You do not run. We do not run. They do not run. He does run. She does not run. It does not run.	Do I run? Do you run? Do we run? Do they run? Does he run? Does she run? Does it run?

Instead of ”s,” “es” is added to positive, third-person forms of verbs ending with the following sounds: s, z, sh, ch, j or zs (as in Zsa Zsa). These special “es” forms have been marked below with an asterisk*.

Positive	Negative	Question
I rush. You rush. We rush. They rush. He rushes.* She rushes.* It rushes.*	I do not rush. I do not rush. We do not rush. They do not rush. He does not rush. She does not rush. It does rush.	Do I rush? Do you rush? Do we rush? Do they rush? Does he rush? Does she rush? Does it rush?

To Have

The verb “have” is irregular in positive, third-person forms. This irregular form has been marked below an asterisk*.

Positive	Nagative	Question
I have. You have. We have. They have. He has.* She has.* It has.*	I do not have. You do not have. We do not have. They do not have. He does not have. She does not have. It does not have.	Do I have? Do you have? Do we have? Do they have? Does he have? Does she have? Does it have?

To Be

The verb “be” is irregular in the Simple Present. It also has different question forms and negative forms.

Positive	Negative	Question
I am. You are We are. They are. He is. She is. It is.	I am not You are not We are not They are not He is not She is not It is not	Am I? Are you? Are we? Are they? Is he? Is she? Is it?

Modal verbs

Modal verbs behave differently from other verbs. Notice that they do not take ‘s” in the third-person, there is no difference between first-person, second-person or third-person forms. Like the verb ‘be” describe above, modal verbs also have different question forms and negative forms in Simple Present.

Positive	Negative	Question
I should go. You should go We should go They should go. He should go. She should go. It should go.	I should not go. You should not go. We should not go. They should not go He should not go She should not go. It should not go.	Should I go? Should you go? Should we go? Should they go? Should he go? Should she go? Should it go?

I.3.            Use of Simple Present Tense

1. Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.

Example:

      I always welcome the guest with smile.

      He always welcomes the guest with big smile.

      Does she always welcome the guest with big smile?

      She always forgets to say thank you to the guest.

      They always look down on him.

2. The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.

Example:

      The sun rises in the east.

      The world is round.

      Jakarta is in Indonesia.

      An hour has sixty minutes.

3. Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.

Example:

      The employees always start working in the morning at 7 am.

      The classes begin at 8.30 am.

      Nagoya hill always open at 10 am.

      The plane leaves this afternoon at 2 pm.

4. Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.

 

            Types of Verbs

            Before we continue the tense lessons, it is extremely important to understand that not all English verbs are the same. English verbs are divided into three groups: normal verbs, non-continuous verbs, and mixed verbs.

A.   Normal verbs

            Most of verbs are ”normal verbs” these verbs are usually physical actions which you can see somebody doing. These verbs can be used in all tenses. Normal verbs: To run, to walk, to eat, to go, to say, to touch, etc.

Examples:

      I eat dinner every day.

      I am eating dinner now.

B.   Non-continuous verbs.

            This second group, called: “non-continuous verbs,” is smaller. These verbs are usually things you cannot see somebody doing. These verbs are rarely in continuous tenses. They include:

1)      Abstract verbs.

To be, to want, to cost, to seem, to need, to contain, to owe, to exist….

2)      Possession verbs

To possess, to own, to belong….

3)      Emotion verbs

To like, to love, to hate, to dislike, to fear, to envy, to mind….

Example:

      He is needing help now. (not correct)

      He needs help now. (correct)

      He is wanting a drink now. (not correct)

      He wants a drink now. (correct)

C.   Mixed verbs

            The third group, called ”mixed group,” is the smallest group. These verbs have more than one meaning. In a way, each meaning is a unique verb. Some meaning behave like “non-continuous verbs,” while other meanings behave like “normal verbs.” Mixed verbs: To appear, to feel, to have, to hear, to look, to see, to weigh….

List of mixed verbs with examples and definitions:

To appear:

      Donna appears confused. Non-continuous verb

Donna seems confused.

      My favorite singer is appearing at jazz club tonight. Normal verb.

My favorite singer is giving a performance at the jazz club tonight

To have:

      I have a dollar now. Non-continuous verb

I possess a dollar.

      I am having fun now. Normal verb.

I am experiencing fun now.

To hear:

      He hears the music. Non-continuous verb

She hears the music with her ears.

      She is hearing voices. Normal verb.

      She hears something other cannot hear.

She is hearing voices in her mind.

To look:

      Nancy looks tired. Non-continuous verb

She seems tired.

      Farah is looking at the pictures. Normal verb.

She is looking with her eyes.

To miss:

      John misses Sally. Normal verb.

He is sad because she is not there.

      Debbie is missing her favorite TV program. Normal verb

She is not there to see her favorite TV program.

To see:

      I see her. Non continuous verb

I see her with my eyes.

      I am seeing the doctor. Normal verb

I am visiting or consulting with a doctor. (also used with dentist and lawyer.)

      I am seeing her. Normal verb.

I am having a relationship with her.

      He is seeing ghosts at night. Normal verb.

He sees something others cannot see. For example ghost, aura, a vision of future, etc.

To smell:

      The coffee smells good. Non-continuous verb

The coffee has a good smell.

      I am smelling the flowers. Normal verb

I am sniffing the flowers to see what their smell is like

To taste:

      The coffee tastes good. Non-continuous verb.

The coffee has a good taste.

      I am tasting the cake. Normal verb.

I am trying the cake to see what it tastes like.

To think:

      He think the test is easy. Non-continuous verb

He considers the test to be easy.

      She is thinking about the question. Normal verb

She is pondering the question, going over it in her mind.

To weight:

      The table weighs a lot. Non-continuous verb

The table is heavy

      She is weighing herself. Normal verb

She is determining her weight.

Some verbs can be especially confusing;

            To be:

      Joe is American. Non-continuous verb

Joe is an American citizen.

      Joe is being very American. Normal verb

Joe is behaving like a stereotypical American.

      Joe is being very rude. Normal verb

Joe is behaving rudely. Usually he is not rude

      Joe is very formal. Normal verb

Joe is behaving very formally. Usually he is not formal.

Notice: only rarely is ”to be” used in a continuous form. This is most commonly done when a person is temporarily behaving or stereotypically. It can also be used when someone’s behavior is noticeably different.

To feel:

      The massage feels great. Non-continuous verb

The massage has a pleasing feeling.

      I don’t feel well today. Sometimes used as non-continuous verb

I am a little sick.

NOTICE: The second meaning of "feel" is very flexible and there is no real difference in meaning between "I don't feel well today" and "I am not feeling well today."

I.4.            ADVERB PLACEMENT

            The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

• You only speak English.
• Do you only speak English?

IV.               PROBLEM SOLVING

            Some of people confuse to make sentence in simple present tense, where do they put the subject and to make question sentence with;  where, when, who, why, which and what time. For proper simple present tense you can use step by follow the form that I gave before.

            And when you make a question sentence using where, when, what time and etc, put the question word in front of “does”.

Example:

Where:

      Where does Ruth live?

She lives in Bandung.

When:

      When does he come home?

He comes home at three o’clock.

What time:

      What time does he come home?

      He comes home at three o’clock.

V.                     CONCLUSION

            To learn English well, you can start from simple present tense, because it’s the basic, and do not forget to always improve your vocabulary. Always memorize word by word and always practice. Thank you.

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